I have been watching ADHD & Autism Twitter for a while and have started capturing useful threads and transcribing them for legibility and convenience.

External vs subjective experience
Giftedness + ADHD
ADHD & object permanence
Not personality
Bad diagnostic instruments
ADHD as a cause of PTSD
Autism, self-diagnosis, and trauma
Late ADHD diagnosis
Cultural politics & philosophy
On habits, time, and more
The Double Empathy Problem

External vs subjective experience

From iza <@plant_homo>:

ADHD might be easier for neurotypicals to understand if you know that ADHD means that our baseline dopamine is lower than a neurotypical’s.

The most obvious result of this is depression, but not like clinical depression. It looks similar though. Boredom, nothing seems exciting anymore, and even surface level things like not getting out of bed and bad personal hygiene are there. Because as you can imagine, low dopamine sucks. In its basis, it causes underexcitement. Someone with ADHD will take any opportunity for a shot of extra dopamine.

To an outsider, this looks like intense and always changing interests, inability to focus on mundane tasks, recklessness with money, overeating and snacking, always doing multiple things at once, inability to sit still, etc etc. And that’s what ADHD was named for: what it looks like from an outsider’s perspective. The hyperactivity. The symptoms that are inconvenient for neurotypicals.

ADHD is a disability. It causes us to be impaired or unable to function in a neurotypical world. It impacts our schooling, socialization, work etc.

But that’s not how it’s known to the outside world. People don’t know about how it feels for us to be understimulated, to have a brain that just. will. not. do what you need it to, to be marked as lazy because our symptoms are misunderstood. The biggest thing of which is the inability to start and focus on mundane tasks. When a brain is at low dopamine, it does not want to do something that will lower that even more. It'll always be looking for something to increase it. And that’s why you’ll often see us on our phones. They’re a handheld dopamine machine. Social media, games, music, all the information about our special interests is at our fingertips. That’s extremely interesting and tempting.

And before anyone compares this to addiction: stop it. Right now. All we want is the normal amount of dopamine. Compare it to being thirsty all the time instead.

So, please, before you judge someone with ADHD for something you don’t know a lot about, consider researching a little bit or asking that person if they can describe what’s happening inside their brain. We’re not lazy, just always looking for a normal dopamine level.

Giftedness + ADHD

From Rene Brooks <@blkgirllostkeys>, who has a website with great ADHD resources:

Can we talk about the curse of being a “gifted" kid while having undiagnosed ADHD? Has anyone else survived this specially crafted hell?

Beyond the torment of ADHD symptoms, add the additional criticisms of “we know you’re smart” “you’re way too intelligent for this” and “why aren’t you working up to your full potential?” Then turn those internal and they are your internal diaglouge forever. So there’s your gift.

When I got to high school we changed school districts and they gave me the option to not be a gifted kid. And I took that option. I took that option like a shot. Unfortunately, they still discovered I was “capable of more” if I would “apply” myself.

Which brings the eternal “why won’t you try” chorus from your parents.

And you sit there in shame because you know you’re better than your performance too. But you don’t know why you can’t perform. So you just assume you’re awful and lazy and say goodbye to your self-esteem.

In elementary school the rule was that I had to sit on the couch until my homework was done. I would be on that couch for hours because I couldn’t pay attention long enough to just finish. As an adult I pointed out that they should have taken this plus the diagnosis seriously.

So TLDR I was tormented by my family about my performance in school but they knew I had ADHD and rejected the diagnosis but of course now that I’ve grown up and got myself treatment of course they can see the difference but I’m still kinda miffed about the whole thing.

Object permanence

Jesse J. Anderson <@jessejanderson> on ADHDers’ different relationship with object permanence and coping mechanisms for that:

People with ADHD are often surrounded by piles of clutter. My desk is in a permanent state of chaos. Piles of books, papers, index cards, and random other things I don't want to forget.

Other ADHDers might keep a clean desk, but use their car as an extra closet and storage facility. Why is this so common for people with ADHD. It’s actually a form of self-preservation.

We often forget things we can't see. Instinctively, we know this.

When things are truly put away — hidden in the depths of a box or drawer — we know they disappear from our brains entirely.

This is why planners rarely work for people with ADHD. The second we close the cover, we forget everything inside. Without a routine in place, we might never remember to open it again.

When I was younger, sometimes my mom would be so fed up with my room she would clean it herself. I hated when she did this! “How will I ever find anything?!”

When things are “a mess”, they are out in the open and I can use them as a physical memory palace — the visual of their environmental placement reminds me where things are. It may look like a mess, but I can find exactly what I’m looking for.

This extends beyond just knick-knacks on a desk. Sometimes a work responsibility will fall out of your brain. You were doing it consistently and one day — for some unknown reason — you forgot to do it. It’s no longer part of your environment, your routine. When this happens, you know you’ll never remember this thing again until something specifically reminds you. As if it’s fallen into one of those boxes or drawers you never remember to open.

This can happen with people too. If you haven’t seen someone recently, you might forget they exist entirely. This can add a lot of stress to personal and family relationships. People are offended and fail to understand.

Not personality

Lauramkaye:

it concerns me that people really don’t know that ADHD isn’t a personality type or behavioral problem.
ADHD isn’t someone who’s personality is driven by fun and disorder.
ADHD is someone who’s brain goes all over the place looking for dopamine, because it doesn’t make or register enough of it, and when it finds a source of dopamine, it hyperfixates on it. it’s about deregulation of attention as well as emotions.
it’s not a person who can’t behave. a person with ADHD can look like a lot of things. misconceptions about what adhd looks like kept me from even looking for a diagnosis, and it also kept myself and others (professionals, even) from taking my suspicions seriously.

Smart people can have ADHD. And a lot of the time, they compensate for the ADHD with intelligence- until they reach the point where they just can’t overcome it anymore, which is why a lot of gifted + ADHD people have good grades their whole lives and then “suddenly” crash and burn. For some it’s college, for some it’s grad school, for some it’s postgrad or professional exams like the bar. Whenever the things they have to do can no longer be brute-forced at the last minute.

ADHD is often lumped in with learning disabilities but it’s really a doing disability. We know what we should do. Probably we know six ways to do it. The trouble is actually getting our brains to activate so we can do it. Sometimes it’s like you’re being controlled by aliens or something because you say “I need to do X” and you’re going to do it and you just. Don’t.

Bad diagnostic instruments

From Mean Fat Girl <@Artists_Ali>:

Rachel Charlton-Dailey <@RachelCDailey> says:

“You don’t have ADHD unless a doctor diagnosed you with it”
Mate it took doctors 15 years to diagnose me with endometriosis

The thing about this is that doctors are not looking for ADHD. And all the diagnostic criteria are about how other people view you, not a single one is about how ADHD feels to people who have it.

And add on top of that — Parents can reject an ADHD diagnosis and then just hide that shit from you. Mine did.

The entire medical stance towards ADHD is deeply fucking broken. Like maybe the reason so many doctors don't believe in adult ADHD is because the fuckos who wrote the diagnostic criteria repeatedly mention homework in them. I don’t have homework. I’m 45 years old.

Every Single One of the diagnostic criteria for ADHD is about how annoying we are to neurotypical people. And I do not think that's how a mental health disability should be fucking treated.

Like the all sickening ways ADHDers are harmed and demeaned start in the extremely demeaning diagnostic criteria.

Doctors don’t know shit about ADHD. My psychiatrist literally could not grasp the idea of time blindness because he has never heard of it. So people need to lay the entire fuck off of the gatekeeping. Thanks.

I've been diagnosed 3 or 4 entirely separate times now. I have such Enormous ADHD that presents in a completely classic way and I still fell through the cracks and got no help until my 40s.

We are not gonna gatekeep people who need empathy & understanding. We have all had so little of either of those things. The fucking least we can do is not make more barriers for people to get what little help there actually is.

My latest video is about allll of this:

JoJo’s bizarre adventure, ADHD, and me

My greatest hope for ADHDers is that we will be the ones who get to say what ADHD is and how it feels and what it means. And not be defined by people who are clearly angry and annoyed with us for existing.

If you want medication help and accommodations, then you have to interact with the medical system. And that means the medical system has to change to serve our needs and not the needs of people who feel like our presence anywhere is being inflicted upon them.

The entire reason the Adderall shortage had been allowed to run on this long is because of the massive and systematic ways the medical field has failed us. And that failure starts in the DSM.

Moon-faced Assassin of Joy <@NomeDaBarbarian> makes some implications about the mechanics of ADHD in the brain which are not quite accurate, but does it in a way that be a very useful corrective for folks who wonder if they have ADHD and have looked at formal diagnostic descriptions but not accounts of the experiences of ADHDers:

I really don’t love how this test is worded, though, because everything’s from the perspective of a neurotypical baseline. “Overly” talkative? Compared to...? “You do X when it's inappropriate.” According to...?

It's phrasing like that which kept me from diagnosis for my entire life — phrasing that assumes a frame of reference I by definition cannot have. Which means I’m not supposed to notice my disorder. It's instead supposed to be reported on by people in my life.

ADHD, as described, isn’t ADHD as experienced. Instead, it’s just a list of the behaviors which piss off parents and teachers, which they want us to stop. And that’s kind of hot garbage.

Like, here are the diagnostic criteria for ADHD.

Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities.
Well … no. Obviously not. I pay very close attention to details, and by definition any mistake is a careless mistake. What, are people out here making careful mistakes? What I’m not paying close attention to is what you would like me to pay attention to. What you have failed to make interesting, since there’s so much that’s louder in the room.
Often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities.
I can play Minecraft for nine hours straight and forget that my body exists. It’s not that I have trouble holding attention — it’s that I’m not in control of my attention. The tasks are, whatever they are.
Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
Literally nothing to do with my experience here. What if, instead, you ask “Do people have to say your name to get your attention, or to have to pull you out of your thoughts before they start talking to you?”
Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (e.g., loses focus, side-tracked).
Okay, that one seems fair enough. Would be great if it wasn’t also the one that was taken as a glaring personality flaw.
Often has trouble organizing tasks and activities.
No, that’s hot garbage. I am excellent at organizing tasks and activities. Because my brain cannot do it automatically. So I have to consciously do it. But the DSM isn’t asking about that — it’s ignoring what the actually neurotically experience is, possibly because it’s not an experience they examine all that much.
Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental effort over a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework).
Again, ridiculous. I can pour out mental effort like water for days at a time. What I can’t do is spend that energy on something that’s boring, that doesn’t hold my attention, or which has too many different steps. You want time to organize your file cabinet? Give me a podcast, it’s done.
Often loses things necessary for tasks and activities (e.g. school materials, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, mobile telephone.)
Again, the only ones in relatable plain terms are the ones that get called personality flaws.
Is often easily distracted.
No. If the thing I’m working on is interesting, I can’t be distracted.
Is often forgetful in daily activities.
If I’m trying to self-report, how exactly would I know?
Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat.
Or a thousand other coping mechanisms we use to stim, because you made it clear that what we were doing was inappropriate.
Often leaves seat ins situations when remaining seated is expected.
Expected.
Often runs about or claims in situations where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may be limited to feeling restless).
“Appropriate.”
Often unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietly.
When, precisely, was “quietly” a word used to describe the platonic ideal of children at play?
Is often “on the go” acting as if “driven by a motor”
I sat and focused on books for ten hours straight, forgetting that meals or bathrooms existed. Is that on the go? It’s definitely the behavior you’re trying to ask about, but not what you’re actually asking.
Often talks excessively.
“Excessively.” Anyone else follow the rules, raise your hand to answer questions, and eventually have teachers tell you to stop raising your hand. Hard to follow a rule you never make explicit, there, champ.
Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed.
Often has trouble waiting their turn.
Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games)
All more or less the same thing — and none of those are what I experience.

What I experience is either:

The world seems so slow — people pause for so long, and you think they’re done talking. People use so many extra words. People don’t move efficiently! They don’t line up right! They’re all … just so slow, always!
or,
My brain has, without letting me know, already filled in the last words you were saying, thought of five questions in response to it, sorted those in order of importance, queued up one to ask, and made me start asking it.

And that’s it. This is quoting directly from the CDC, who are in turn quoting the DSM-V. It’s only different for adults in that they require fewer symptoms from each category to be present. Because you’ve probably built some coping mechanisms by then.

Centers For Disease Control and Prevention | Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD

The diagnostic criteria are criminally short, criminally flimsy, and based almost entirely on possibly misunderstood signs (as observed by other people) instead of lived experiences of symptoms (as observed by the person actually dealing with them).

@MeatyHD says:

This, to me, embodies a pattern seen in most of the poorly-described symptoms. It’s not “missing” details, it’s seeing to many of them and not being able to properly filter them. Just like the “deficit” of attention. There’s actually an excess, that just not regulated.
Emotions? Excess, unregulated. Energy? Enthusiasm? Thoughts? The entire existence is just. Excess, which leads to implosion and eventually appears to be a deficit
(Side note: gotta love how Twitter reinforces the tendency to jump into conversations with, well, too much.)

Perfectly said — so much of what is read by others as “deficit” is in fact “surplus” which we’re unable to regulated. I’m paying attention to everything, always, and I have no goddam choice in the matter.

It's that disconnect that makes me so thankful for #NeurodiverseSquad / #ADHDTwitter. If it weren’t for y’all, I’d never have recognized myself. The adults the world was apparently counting on to recognize it called me by turns “Lazy” or “Gifted.” “Talented” but “Unmotivated”.

It's why I try to pass that favor on, too, because fuck — It is so much better, knowing myself. With that in mind, here's what it feels like for me to live inside an #ADHD brain.

Lazy Perfectionist <@grumpyshrubbery> offers an observation not just about ADHD neurodivergence:

neurodivergents often feel the need to clarify things hours/days after they said it because we grew up being constantly misunderstood & getting in trouble for miswording or being too blunt & can’t stand the thought of people misunderstanding what we actually mean. we can often over-explain or ‘not let something go’ because we are so often misunderstood and want to eliminate any chance of that happening again. it’s frequently a trauma response stemming from chronic ridicule and punishment after being misinterpreted.

@_wordsfromspace says:

First question in an ADHD assessment should be “so what exactly did it take for you to make to this appointment here today?” The discrepancy in sheer effort between my success and the assumed NT success is exhausting. (Same goes for my failures.)

Jesus Christ a thousand times this

“How long was it between you thinking you needed this appointment, and taking your first steps to make it?”

“What were your steps?”

Additionally, if you're part of Twitter (and even more so, part of TTRPG twitter), and find a lot of this ringing true ... I maybe have some extra news for you:

As someone with ADHD who’s Extremely Online™, Twitter is specifically like a drug for me. It specifically feeds my dopamine deficits. It occurs to me that a reason why so many folks #onhere find ADHD content relatable, Is that Twitter might artificially select for ADHD folks.
Just like how #ADHD folks are overrepresented in, say, Computer Science. Because it’s an environment that plays to our strengths and feeds our specific hungers. It’s a problem-solving, results-driven career where you don’t need to read social cues and are allowed to be weird.
So of course the social media site which ...

Requires short bursts of information
Alerts us when a conversation is ongoing
Gives us those good good dopamine hits with simple interactions
Rapid-fires interesting things at us
... is sifting the #ADHD folks outta the genpop.
You know how, when you see the solution to a problem, you immediately recognize it? You knew what shape it was going to be, so as soon as you have the solution idea, it just clicks? Y’all it just clicked for me. If I want to find #ADHD folks online, I’ll come to Twitter.

An update:

I’ve had some folks defending the DSM and its definitions, or suggesting that I’m quoting it in a different way than it’s intended, or saying that psychologists/psychiatrists use other tools. I’d like to address that a bit.
The DSM is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. It is the principal authority for psychiatric diagnoses, and the definitions it uses are often used to determine things like “will my insurance cover this?” It's a diagnostic manual.
To the folks saying that it has to rely on (external) signs instead of (internal or self-reported) symptoms, I don’t think that’s true. ADHD and OCD and SPD and ASD might all present with certain identical signs, rooted in very different symptoms. They may also be comorbid.
If the only diagnostic criteria are signs as noticed by parents and brought to a health care professional, then you are assuming
Children's signs will be noticed by parents, who
Recognize them as indicative of a disorder, instead of just calling the kid dumb/lazy/bad, and
Have the resources to bring that child to a mental health provider, because
There is a pediatric psychologist in their area who
Will recognize the kid’s behaviors and
Accurately diagnose the kid.
And y’all? I wish you could see my mentions.
Because that process does not work. It assumes that the kid won’t invent any coping or masking behaviors on their own: spoiler alert, most of us do. We’re problem solvers.
It assumes a stable household with parents who give a shit. It assumes doctors who won’t ignore or discount the kid’s behaviors. And even once you get past all of that, It assumes that the behaviors listed will match the ones in the DSM.

@q_aurelius says:

Given the likelihood of one or both parents of an undiagnosed ADHD child having undiagnosed ADHD themselves ... I don’t feel great about our chances of recognizing it in our children.

And — fuck, I didn’t even consider — given that this disorder has a documented genetic / inherited component, It assumes a likely undiagnosed parent will have the ability to navigate the multi-headed hydra of our medical system in the US to do so.

And it’s thought to evaporate in boys from the same generation as well, since at one point they’ll marry a woman who’ll take on the emotional work of [everything the ADHD brain is bad at]. Given that we're being raised by the generation where it was thought of as a disorder that only male children got, and grew out of? (Because, surprise, sexism?)

There isn’t a seperate DSM section for Adults. These are the criteria.

So.

We’re left with in all likelihood tens of millions of undiagnosed Americans,
Who almost certainly don’t have access to Mental Health Care,
Who have to first suspect something fixable is up with them.

Instead of just internalizing the voices of every authority figure in our lives, and deciding that we’re clearly just pieces of shit, full of wasted potential.

So, when we as adults finally decide, based on hearing something from someone about maybe this being something, to check The Book, You know, the one that’s available to us, the one that doesn't require us spending money we don’t have to go to a doctor? We get the DSM.

And we take one look at the diagnostic criteria, and go, “Well this clearly isn’t me.”

Or maybe we decide to do it right, and we got to a doctor we can’t afford, and they’re not a specialist in ADHD, so they also go to The Book, And ask us the questions out of it, And we say “No, that’s not me.” So they tell us we don't have ADHD.

We can’t go directly to the specialist after all, because we have to be referred to a specialist by our GP, and if they have something in their head like “ADHD doesn't happen in girls” or “ADHD goes away when you grow up” or — fuck — “You can't have ADHD if you did well in School.”

Then that care is walled off from us. And we’re already prone to think of ourselves as failures, somehow. So a doctor said, “No, you definitely don’t have it,” And what are we supposed to do, say we’re smarter than them?

Having diagnostic criteria that relied on the honest self-reported experience of the patient, as informed by the signs reported by others in their life, would save this trouble. Hell, even just phrasing the questions that way. “Have people said to you that you [x,y,z]?”

You know, since we have a disorder that’s often characterized by answering the exact question asked, without understanding the context of the question? By not understanding rhetorical questions to not be wanting an answer? You know, we natural and accidental pedants?

“Psychiatrists are using other tools than this.” Great. Good. Glad to hear it. I didn’t see a psychiatrist until I was thirty, and that was only after doing the groundwork myself. So unless you’re pushing for a system of universal mental health care, including screening?

Well, until that day, I stand the fuck by what I the fuck said.

ADHD as a cause of PTSD

A long thread from therapist Josh Weed arguing that common cultural responses to ADHD produce deep trauma:

The level of trauma of being a neurodivergent person raised in an ableist world is absolutely underestimated. Many of the clients I encounter have levels of trauma that could qualify them for a diagnosis of PTSD.

We need to reframe this completely.

Part of the problem is that the way adults respond to symptoms of ADHD (and other neurodivergence) in kids they are in charge of is perceived by neurotypical people as “appropriate,” while being experienced in the mind and body of the kid with ADHD as physical or emotional abuse. And sometimes it actually is physical and emotional abuse. Sometimes it is an adult physically containing or even assaulting a child for out-of-control or boisterous behavior.

To many, this looks like “appropriate discipline.”

To the neurodivergent child, it is experienced as abuse, and to add confusion, this act that their body perceived as abuse is experienced often in a public setting where nobody intervenes, because the people around the situation are having a “that kid had it coming” type of sensation. So the ADHD kid believes they deserved it.

The emotional abuse component of this happens often in educational settings.

I myself was kept in for recess “for not finishing my worksheet” so often it became a natural component of my school experience. I was often the only kid kept inside.

Can you imagine how a child’s brain and body perceives events like that? To be the only one kept inside in order to finish a worksheet, and everyone else got it done easily, and it happens over and over, and the kid is told things like “you will go outside when you learn to prioritize your time better.” Only the kid never “learns” how to “prioritize time” better, and so it happens again and again and again.

Think of the inherent messages here. This very common intervention communicates several horrifying things to the ADHD student:

Isolation communicates unworthiness and badness to humans. So the child perceives themselves as “bad”.
The child perceives themselves as having no willpower, or less willpower than peers. “Everyone else got it done! Why didn’t you?”
The child perceives themselves as less intelligent than their peers, even when standardized tests indicate otherwise. (When I was accepted into a “gifted” program after 6^th grade — after being kicked out in 1^st grade, btw — I had difficulty even believing the test was correct. I thought there had been a mistake.) /9
The child perceives that they just don’t care about important things.
When it happens over and over, they start to believe that they just like being “bad”.
The child believes they must be lazy.
The child starts to believe they don’t deserve to be treated the same way their peers are treated. They believe they don’t deserve recess, or the candy the other kids “earned”, or whatever other reward or good thing they miss out on because ADHD prevents them from finishing tasks in the same way as their peers.

Now imagine this as this plays out over time. Imagine this happening all year one year, and then it happening again the next year. Imagine this child being called out and embarrassed over and over, in front of their peers, for not having homework done or for moving too much or or for talking to a friend or for not hearing the question the teacher asked or for forgetting to get the permission slip signed.

All of those things are literal textbook examples of ADHD. But imagine how it is perceived when framed in this context.

Imagine a kid not being allowed to go on a field trip they’d looked forward to all year, or to a read-a-thon or to a class party they had genuinely tried as hard as they could to earn their spot in because they didn’t “get done” that which their brain disallowed.

Imagine a kid trying so, so hard to get their school report done on time because they really like their teacher, so even though it’s extremely hard, they muster the focus required to finish by staying up really late the night before. Imagine how thrilled they feel as they proudly and confidently walk into class knowing they had finally done something right, and it had finally worked. And then imagine their utter horror when, as everyone starts passing in their work, they open their bag and their stomach drops. They left it at home. It is not clear where it is because they remember taking it from the printer. They look in their bag one last time to see if it’s there. It’s not. They have no idea where it is. (Later they learn they left it on the kitchen counter as they grabbed their lunch.)

Imagine how utterly defeated they feel when their teacher calls their name and says, “Did you remember?” How absolutely desperate they feel inside as they start to to explain that they really did it but they don’t know where it is… they just can’t find it somehow…

And their teacher says gets angry and says “Stop. Just stop. I’m so tired of your excuses. Automatic zero. I will not accept another late project from you. I’ve given you enough chances.”

Imagine the horror. The deflation. The way their whole body would be filled with desperation, with fight or flight chemicals, with horror, with defeat.

This, my friends, is Trauma with a capital T.

And imagine this kind of thing happening over and over and over.

What do you think the mind and body does in this environment?

Naturally, understandably, it starts to treat moments like this the way the mind and body treats any trauma. The kid will learn to dissociate. To leave the horror of that moment. To escape the overwhelming discomfort. The body/mind will protect itself in the same ways any trauma victim would: shutting down, closing off, going inward, developing a heightened fawn response to appease abusers, high startle reflex, constant hyper-arousal and perpetual state of fight or flight. Essentially — the same cluster that can be described as PTSD.

Only these individuals have no idea their bodies are exhibiting PTSD-like symptoms. They often don’t even realize they are trauma victims.

They have all the symptoms: depression, nightmares, trigger responses, etc but because of how it was all framed, they think they are the problem. They think they are the fuck-up. All of the PTSD and trauma symptoms end up getting wrapped up into the same ball of perceived failure that their ADHD symptoms got lumped into. They are unable to function, to work, to thrive, to maintain relationships.

And the thing they have learned in our ableist society over and over is that it is their fault. They are bad. They don’t like to do the right thing so they are lazy. They are dumb. They don’t deserve the same good things as their peers. All the garbage they understood about themselves as kids continues into adulthood, and the trauma symptoms serve just as more evidence of why they deserve to suffer.

And everyone around them is so confused. Why can’t you just get your act together? You’re such a great person in so many ways…

But what nobody in the situation is seeing is that these are extreme trauma victims. That the way out of the nightmare is to focus on unpacking that trauma, and on teaching their body how to get out of that perpetual state of fight or flight by learning to believe that they do deserve good things and are worthy of success and do have every right to be able to feel safe in their own bodies, and that this was never their fault. It is something that happened to them, not something they did themselves.

Okay, a smattering of other thoughts then I have to start a session. First, a book that I have seen people get some mileage out of in helping with this particular trauma situation is Nicole LePera’s How To Do The Work. It isn’t perfectly tailored to this exact trauma but there isn’t much out there, and so the way it approaches trauma as a result from just the way childhood happens in our society helps, and the focus on ways to go from fight/flight to self soothing can be useful. Also her model for building self trust is feasible even for those with ADHD.

The thing that seems to help, though, is the process of re-categorizing all of these kinds of events as trauma instead of as failure. Each perceived “failure” is actually a legitimate traumatic event and should be looked at as such in order to heal.

Viewing ADHD diagnosis as likely to have a trauma comorbidity is important. I think it is something that might require massive research that as far as I can tell, isn’t being considered. While there seems to be tons of data on how trauma might cause ADHD, I can find nobody looking at how ADHD, over a lifetime, can cause complex trauma. (This doesn’t mean it’s not there — I just haven’t encountered it.) I think this is a huge oversight.

I think it is perplexing that data indicates that there is correlation between ADHD and trauma and for some reason nobody is being able to imagine that the ADHD is the cause of the trauma.

It feels so fucking obvious to me.

But it wasn’t always so.

Just like most other people with ADHD I felt like I was the common denominator underneath my many failures instead of failure in a society that expects me to be neurotypical being the common denominator underneath my trauma symptoms. In fact, it wasn’t until I largely resolved the other major trauma of my life — being a gay kid raised in a homophobic society/family/religion — that I even noticed ADHD as a trauma at all.

On a fundamental, in-the-moment fashion I was still experiencing trauma symptoms. And finally it dawned on me: ADHD had fucked me up on a specific, moment-by-moment trauma level in a way that was way more intense than being a gay Mormon kid raised in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Like, can you even imagine? That shit was traumatic.

The trauma of being raised as a gay kid in a homophobic society (which was very traumatic) doesn’t hold a candle — on a moment-to-moment, fuck-with-my-day level—to having been raised as an ADHD kid in an ableist society. There is no comparison.

Do with that what you will.

Autism, self-diagnosis, and trauma

A Twitter thread from Myk <@mykola> which rhymes with the point about living with ADHD being traumatizing:

If you suspect you’re autistic you’re probably autistic.

If you feel excluded from society but feel seen by “social media” autistics, you’re probably autistic.

If a doctor tells you you have “some autistic traits but” you can ignore the rest, you’re probably autistic.

If you think this is a dangerous line of thinking, go ahead, lay out your argument:

What, uh. What’s the danger?

You think there are magic autism benefits people are scamming their way into? Cuz if you’re aware of something, let me know, I could use it!

You gonna start with “you have to trust the experts” then let me just ask: why do you think a doctor who isn’t autistic but has done some reading about mostly debunked theories of autism is an expert, but those of us living as autistic every day of our lives are not?

Experts.

Stop gatekeeping. If someone self-diagnosis as autistic what do they get?

What do they take?

Who does it hurt, for fuck’s sake, for them to breathe a bit easier and have a story of self that makes sense for the first time in their lives?

Why is it your business?

Can’t believe we are having “is self diagnosis valid?” discourse around autism in 2024 you fuckers are literally killing us with this shit!

Adult diagnosed autistics are so traumatized, suicidal and desperate, and here you are saying “mmm, I dunno, ask a doctor.”

Like:

What fucking doctor is going to help?

What treatment are they going to prescribe that isn’t gaslighting and abuse?

Autistic people need trauma therapy from other autistic people. That’s it. And we aren’t getting it anyway. So like. ???

“This person just wants attention” ok so like, let us give them some attention, and if it turns out they don’t give with us they can catch their breath and move on?

It’s not like you’re helping them!

This gatekeeping leads to this horrible situation where people reach out to me and shut themselves down in the middle of the message. It’s common, so common I wrote about this:

Please stop apologizing for begging for your life
You’re playing on hard mode and you don’t even know it

You fucking assholes out there who are undermining self-diagnosis are doing this.

OP the impact of your fucking tweet is another bunch of people on the verge of self-DX talking themselves out of it!

You are killing people! Stop it My God stop it!!!

We are traumatized from non-stop chronic invalidation. That’s the “pathology” at the heart of autism. Everyone telling us to doubt ourselves, our whole fucking lives.

I’m begging you to shut the fuck up and go do something else. You are not helping anyone with this shit!

“Gosh I dunno the DSM says…” ok? That’s your book, not mine! We didn’t fucking write that shit, you did, and we are not interested!

I wrote about that, too!

I’m so angry that these people think they get to sit back and pass judgment on others.

They don’t see and don’t care how much harm they’re doing.

And I can’t with this.

Autism “awareness” month, fuck!

If you aren’t autistic you can sit down and shut the fuck up about us. You don’t know. You don’t get it. You don’t understand how much harm you’re doing. Nobody needs your invalidating “insights” Karen, we need to be seen.

If you are someone who is wondering if you’re autistic, who keeps coming back to it after shooting yourself down because others tell you you can’t be - come sit with us.

Come experience what it’s like not to be invalidated by default.

Because these people don’t know.

Late ADHD diagnosis

TikTok video transcript:

Why are you so bitter about late diagnosis? I mean, you still seem to be successful.

Imagine for a moment that you drive a crappy 1989 Chevette. Stickshift. And every time you get in your car, it is guaranteed that at least two things will go wrong. Sometimes you get off easy and it’s just that your window won’t go down or the trunk won’t close. But sometimes it’s a flat tire, and a transmission leak.

After a few years of this, you start carrying a full collection of tools in your car every time you leave.

But over the years you’ve gotten a reputation for being late and irresponsible.

Now after 30 years you become an expert. You could rebuild that car from nothing. Does that mean that when your axle breaks in half you’re not gonna be late to work? No! You’re still going to be late to work. But less of those things are going to happen, and you may not be as late as you would have been.

But as far as you know, everyone drives Chevettes because when you arrive late to work and you say “sorry, I had car troubles” people respond with “yeah, everybody has car troubles but everyone still manages to make it on time”.

So one day you pull aside your coworker and you say, “Hey, how come you’re never late to work and you never miss any deadlines?”

And they say, “I don’t know, I just do.”

And you say, “Well doesn’t your car always break down?”

“Well, yeah. We all have car troubles. But then we just get it fixed and move on. Don’t you have tools?”

“Yeah, I have tons of tools!”

“Well, maybe your tools just aren’t good enough.”

So you keep shopping around for new tools. And you’re like: I’m pretty sure I’ve tried all the tools. And I’ve tried them a lot.

Then one day you come across an article about Teslas, and you go and you test-drive a Tesla. And it runs like butter. Not only is it automatic, it’s self-driving. And if anything goes wrong, they bring you a new Tesla until yours is fixed. And you find out that all those people who had said that everyone has car problems had been driving Teslas this whole time.

You could have had a Tesla for 30 years that you were repairing that broken-down Chevette, if someone had just said to you, “Why do you drive a Chevette? You should drive a Tesla.”

So. Yes, I’m fairly functioning. Yes, I’m fairly successful. But look at how much work it took to get here. How much more successful could I have been if I had put in that amount of effort with a Tesla.

Here’s the hardest part: I was lucky enough to come from a family who became experts at repairing Chevettes. Imagine not having that, and your only coping mechanism was to just go to the repairman every time, and you rack up way more debt than you can handle. Or you just keep trying to fix it because you can’t afford a mechanic. And life gets so difficult that you turn to drugs, or you just take your own life. Simply because no one told you that you’re driving a Chevette and you could be driving a Tesla.

So yeah, I’m bitter. Because I’ve lost friends to that. And as long as I’m here on Earth I’m gonna get as many people in Teslas as I can.

A reflection on starting medication

serosfan
So I’ve just started taking ADHD meds to help and even on a low dose right now things are a lot better. So I have something to say.

ALL THIS TIME TASKS WERE EASY FOR NEUROTYPICALS?! I’m sorry?! I spend all the time feeling INFERIOR and like absolute garbage because people could do tasks better than me and it turns out its because for them it’s EASY?!

WHAT THE FUCK?!

roach-works
the most common and least mentioned side effect of being properly medicated is OUTRAGE

Writer Saladin Ahmed

As I sat listening to medical professionals explain to me what's been going on with my brain all this years it was both profoundly enlightening and devastating. The shrink used the phrase “off the charts” to describe my symptoms. He sort of just sat there wonderingly. “It’s amazing you’ve been able to do as much as you have.” “You’ve been cooking your whole life with half your burners out.” “You’ve been trying to drive on the freeway in a car that only goes 20mph.”

Each bit of truth hit me like a bullet. I’ve basically spent 30 years convincing myself that life is irrevocably and inevitably a brutal grind every day. To hear that there’s a very specific reason one feels that way -- a reason that can be helped some with medicine -- well, that’s some hard shit to hear. A thunderous voice starts booming at you about all the lives you could have led had you known this earlier. About all the years you’ve lost forever.

Cultural politics & philosophy

A quick observation from ExistentialMemes:

Mansplaining: thinks the problem is you

Works from the assumption that I know so much more than you, and you could simply never comprehend This Topic on your own, so I must explain it to you, for I am so wise.
Neurodivergent Over-Clarifying: thinks the problem is me

Works from the assumption that I am a trainwreck and am doing a terrible job of expressing myself, so I must continue to explain what I meant, hoping to successfully convey the thought in my head.

A thread by Pete Wolfendale:

p. e. moskowitz tweets:

the inevitable end of diagnosis culture is completely removing agency from people — complete infantilization so that none of us have free will. what an attractive concept for people who wish to remove themselves from the complicated truth of what it means to live a life!

Okay, it’s overly serious answer time. Yes, diagnosis culture can be cringe. But I’d argue that a certain amount of cringe is an inevitable consequence of what is a broadly positive development. One that should be mitigated, yes, but not simply dismissed.

As I’ve pointed out before, as soon as we acquire new vocabulary, and with it new genres of reasons, both for explaining the world and justifying our actions in it, we inevitably create new ways of dodging our responsibilities:

I think people tend not to appreciate that when we establish new genres of reasons, e.g., innovations in anti-oppression discourse, we thereby create new opportunities for rationalisation. Misuse and misapplication should be priced in, rather than seen as exceptional.

It should be no surprise that this is dynamic is particularly pronounced when it comes to neurodiversity and the burgeoning discourse of executive dysfunction. This is precisely where questions of explanation and justification meet: on the neural terrain where reason is realised.

But I’d suggest we should treat this discourse with special care for precisely this reason. The most common accusations levelled against those experiencing executive dysfunction of various sorts are precisely that they are rationalising their behaviour.

Cards on the table: at least once a year, every year, for the last decade, my brain has crashed to an extent that completely disrupts my ability to maintain my extant commitments. I have little choice but to accept that I’m congenitally unreliable, and plan accordingly.

I cannot explain how much I fucking hate this. I take responsibilities very seriously. I used to take great pride in being reliable. But bipolar disorder simply does not care about my wishes on the matter. I am flaky in ways that I absolutely positively detest.

The single worst interaction I’ve had with a mental health professional was with a therapist who very pointedly asked me: "Why is it so important to you to identify as bipolar?" I’ll admit to seeing red for moment, before very gently trying to dismantle that particular trap.

I understand very well where this question came from: a concern that over-easy identification with a diagnostic category might hamstring my ability to overcome personal problems, treating surmountable psychological issues as innate neurological obstacles.

This didn’t stop me wanting to tell her to go fuck herself.

To insult her and her professional a little more articulately, there’s a marked tendency for purveyors of talk therapies to explain things in intentional terms. To a man with a hammer, etc. etc. The idea that neurology resists such descriptions is often approached with hostility.

Learning that I can, in fact, become depressed for no psychologically salient reason, and that such depression is not best explained as a ‘mood’, but as a sort of systemic cognitive dysfunction that takes motivation, concentration, and memory with it, was extremely liberating.

Of course, this can make me complacent. It can cause me to ignore aspects of my psychological well-being that are not usefully reduced to the neurological. It can stop me from doing the difficult work of figuring out what is making me sad, avoidant, or frustrated.

But the alternative extreme is ripping myself to pieces looking for things that are not there. Not all executive dysfunction is amenable to (folk-)psychological methods intended to pick apart rationalisations and cultivate personal responsibility. Treating it that way does harm.

(If you’re interested in my experience of bipolar disorder, I’ve written two long rambling philosophical pieces that touch on it:

But I’ll leave it there for now.)

To make a more general point, executive dysfunction comes in a variety of forms, not all of which are usefully assimilable to those examples of akrasia (‘weakness of the will’) most familiar from the philosophy of action (quoting myself):

I mean, every philosopher is taught the problem of akrasia as an initial provocation: why do our behaviours and our beliefs fail to align in such strange ways? But this gets treated as a singular locus of executive dysfunction, divorced from related issues such as anxiety.

There’s still a notably Socratic tendency to collapse differences between these dystunctions by focusing on the ‘knowing what we should do’ rather than the ‘not being able to carry it out’, as if the problem were really getting people to know in the right way.

But the motivational difficulties experienced by a depressive in an anhedonic state, an ADHD person struggling with an extended task, and an OCD person fighting a compulsion are quite distinctive, even when their grasp of their objectives are very similar.

Obviously, this is why we end up with a range of different diagnostic categories, but it shouldn’t surprise us that these end up shading into many peoples’ everyday experiences of sub-clinical dysfunction. Neurodiversity is not confined to the clinic.

The question remains: is there more bad than good in this terminological overspill? Does letting people say, to take an example I read recently, that they’ve got "a little bit of the ’tism", cause more trouble than it’s worth?

I don’t want to be dogmatic here. I do think that there are examples of the reason to rationalisation pipeline that vitiate the relevant linguistic innovations. To take the obvious psychological example: the language of ’trauma’ seems almost terminally overextended at this point.

It’s worth recalling the ‘trigger warning wars’ that raged from academia, to the internet, to mainstream culture a few years ago. In retrospect, it’s pretty clear both that trigger warnings were useful for those with PTSD and that they got entangled with identitarian trends in unhelpful ways.

To be clear, I mean the ways in which specific sorts of trauma and trauma responses became seen as validators of identity positions, or even sources of insight, encouraging some to imitate and even cultivate heightened sensitivities as a way of authenticating themselves.

It’s easy to see this as a sort of psychic harm. The misapplication of categories meant to improve self-understanding and thereby personal autonomy in a way that actually impedes both.

This is to be contrasted to the social harm perpetrated on those with genuine PTSD, as the word ‘trigger’ slid from a useful technical term to something one does to ‘own the libs’. That’s a little hyperbolic, but I’m sure you see my meaning.

This is a useful model for the ills of ‘diagnostic culture’: does the appropriation of clinical categories by a wider range of people under the banner of ’neurodiversity’ cause significant psychic harm to those without, or social harm to those with clinical diagnoses?

Let’s take the question of social harm first. I’d like to take an analogy that has nothing to do with mental health, because I think it’s usefully instructive: the rapid growth in people self-classifying as gluten intolerant to some degree.

I pick this because there’s plenty of cringe to be had here. There are undoubtedly a lot of people who identify as gluten intolerant, or simply exclude gluten from their diets, for no good reason. There are whole genres of jokes and memes dedicated to this.

I’m sure coeliacs have their own harsh words to say about such people, but at the same time, I think it’s fairly safe to say that the expansion of gluten intolerance has, modulo some confusions, increased options available to coeliacs. There’s a gluten free bakery near me now.

I think I can speak for people with bipolar disorder or MDD when I say that increasing awareness of common depression in popular culture is on balance good for us, even though it occasionally disguises what is so harrowing about the variants we experience.

I’ll leave each to judge their own, but I suspect when it comes to the language of executive dysfunction and the various form it takes, increasing use (which always comes with misuse) has been a net positive. Those who need it get more leeway, even if some who don’t do too.

What about psychic harm then? This is where we started: the worry that diagnostic culture is infantilising people by encouraging them to discount their own agency. I want to approach this with a more controversial analogy, again chosen for the purposes of cringe: neo-pronouns.

I love reading sci-fi in which gender gets played around with, but even if I can happily read a story peppered with ‘xe’ and ‘xyr’, I have to admit I find neo-pronouns cringe. Xenogenders border on uncomfortable fictionalisation of the self, not entirely unlike otherkin.

There’s a serious discussion to be had here about the role such practices play in self-realisation, and the extent to which they articulate prototype forms of personal autonomy. For me, the cringe can probably be parsed as ‘this feels unworkable’.

But I honestly believe this doesn’t mean a lot. My instinctive feelings about whether some social innovation is workable or not really aren’t that important. Every innovation looks weird and janky to begin with. Each that succeeds does so by failing and evolving in the process.

I believe this is the proper way to think about the evolving discourse of neurodiversity, as it awkwardly adopts and adapts diagnostic language: we are watching new ways of cultivating agency trying to be born, new types of dysfunction/optimisation, new genres of personhood.

A lot of this is going to suck, likely for quite a while. It’s not clear when or if any given tendency will converge on stable norms. It’s not clear if there are good neural correlates to peg these norms to. But they’re clearly evolving as they expand, maybe for the good.

So to all you ADHD headed hipsters, you autistic sisters and misters, schizoid whisperers, manic depressive drifters, and assorted neurotypical grifters, wherever you may be in the neurological space, I bid you good night and smooth execution.🖖

On habits, time, and more

Dusty Chipura has an introduction to ADHD:

ADHD is real — its not made up by “big pharma”, it’s an actual neurobiological condition in your brain, and as such, it is absolutely appropriate to treat it with medication just like you would treat any other condition. Of course you don’t have to if you don’t want to / can’t. But y’all should know that many many many many many studies have found that stimulant meds are the safest and first-line treatment for ADHD. In fact, stimulant meds have been shown to reduce substance abuse in youth with ADHD and make people with ADHD live longer!! (This is because ADHD itself is associated with an earlier death — terrifying, I know — due to things like accidents, poor self-care over time, etc)
Now that i’ve completely freaked you out and got your attention,
ADHD isn’t just “whoopsie, I forgot my keys again”. A really common aspect of ADHD is Black and White Thinking or “all or nothing” thinking. This shows up in a bunch of different ways, like perfectionism. You might be thinking that a person who struggles to complete a task can’t be a perfectionist, but it’s often the perfectionism that keeps us from starting in the first place, or being able to say “ok this is done”. We have insanely high standards for ourselves that often result in total paralysis — or, we swing the other way and completely half-ass everything because its either no effort, or total effort … see? black and white thinking.
In fact, I think i’m gonna make a whole different thread about black and white thinking because I find it a really interesting aspect of ADHD. That's for another day!
Novelty is king when you have ADHD. A lot of ADHDers will try almost anything to get themselves organized, and it always seems like the organizational tool works … at first. And then they’re stymied about why the effectiveness always drops off … and that’s usually when the novelty has worn off. When something is new, it gets our engagement, it’s fun, it’s interesting. But we never recognize that that is the reason why a thing is working.
People with ADHD struggle with low self-awareness that is connected to our executive functioning system. So, while we can often be incredibly self-aware and reflective at times … those times never seem to be in the moment when we are getting in our own way 😂
so for example, it’s all well and good to say, “I always lose my keys, I should always put them in the same place … from now on i’ll hang them on a hook in the front hall!” But when the moment of truth actually comes and you walk in the front door, you’re probably distracted and don’t even notice that you put them down in the wrong place. So if you don’t know that you’ve put your keys down and didn’t notice yourself doing it, it’s pretty hard to change that behaviour!
ADHD is a disorder of consistency. It really is. My new clients always think they’re the only one who can’t change behaviours, struggle to implement routines or habits. But this is really central to the disorder and everyone with ADHD struggles with consistency, I promise! Maybe not across the board in all areas … there are usually a few things we actually are good at doing, if we can bother to give ourselves credit for it … but sticking to a thing we know we should do or even want to do is harder than it looks!
This makes the whole idea of “if they wanted to, they would” really problematic for those with ADHD and frankly, a bit of an ableist concept. But that’s a thread for another day.

@NomeDeBarbarian again:

Thinking about how I’ve been lied to as an ADHD person about what habits are. Habits, for me, are things that I can reliably remember to do. I have a procedure, I go through it, I’m familiar with every step. That is apparently not what neurotypical folks get to experience.

Habits are things that they do without thinking. They don’t have to decide to do them. They don’t have to remember to do them. Things just happen, automatically, because they’ve done them enough for that system to engage and make them automatic. That system... which I lack.

Every single time I have brushed my teeth, it’s been an active choice. I’ve had to devote thought and attention to it. It’s not a routine, it’s not a habit, it’s something that I know is good to do, and hopefully I can remember to do it. Every single time I exercise, or floss, or pay my rent, or drink water, or say “bless you” when someone sneezes, it’s because I’ve had to actively and consciously engage the protocol.

It never gets easier. Just more familiar.

It’s part of my struggle with my weight - exercise never becomes a habit, and every single time I do it, it is exactly as hard as the first time. It takes exactly as much willpower & thought. I got lied to about how it would just “turn into a habit.” And blamed, when it didn’t.

If there’s not an external motivator (My cat yelling at me, so I feed her. I need clothes for work, so I do laundry. Etc.) I’m just constantly trying to remember all of the various procedures I have.

Add to that the way ADHD fucks with my interoception? Interoception is your ability to perceive your body’s signals. And I just... can’t. I don’t hear them, until they become emergencies. Everything else is so much louder. Every time I realize I need to pee, or poop - every time I feel hungry, or thirsty?

It’s an emergency. Now.

Drinking water isn’t a habit. Feeding myself isn’t a habit. Bathing isn’t a habit. I spend so much more energy, so much more time, so much more labor on just managing to maintain my fucking meat suit. And now you want me to also do taxes? On time?

Sounds homophobic, tbh.

Hey turns out there’s a pill which can help me maintain habits. If I can remember to take it. Which would be useful. If only I could make taking the “habit-making” pill a habit.

I need to date someone with (or join a polycule where at least one person has) executive function and time management skills. Like, I will cook every meal, scrub every toilet, do all the grocery shopping, fine - I just need someone else’s chore to be “remember time exists.” A chore wheel for the house, where one slice is just “Prompting.”

<@AMP2>:
I will do half to two thirds of the chores/cooking/errands in exchange for good time management delivered in a sensitive manner!

In a heartbeat. “Hey babe, I’m going to iron. Come fold the laundry and keep me company?”

<@RohannenZorbia>:
Sounds like someone needs to invent some kind of roomba that follows you around and gently reminds you about things. Maybe they could make it so it’s like a robot parrot on your shoulder or something like that.

Do you remember in Flubber, where Robin Williams has the secretary robot that floats around behind him? That is the dream.

One of the things that was a huge realization for me was when someone explained why ADHD was thought of as a boy’s disorder that you grow out of - Because the men would be assumed to have both a wife and a secretary, onto whom they would offload everything ADHD is bad at. So suddenly the symptoms “disappear.”

<@tintabula>:
And as a girl in the dark ages, I couldn’t have it. I was just defiant and obtuse.

Yup. According to the era, if you’re a woman with ADHD? No you’re not - you’re just bad at being a wife and mother, and need to try harder. Excuse me while I throw up in my mouth a bit.

Mary <@lyrytish>:
As that person 21 years into a relationship … it sucks to be us but it is truly the expression of love and respect. “Babe, don’t forget” for the 20^th time in 3 hours is really hard to keep tender

It’s a part of the division of labor in a relationship, and a huge one. Without talking too much about our business, it’s part of why my last relationship failed. I needed to be prompted, or to make plans /with/ someone to face tasks together. She needed routines, that she explicitly didn’t want to think or talk about. She needed “say it once, and then it’s handled forever.” And she wasn’t able to do the things I was begging for - things like saying, “hey, let’s do [x],” or tempering her language/tone when saying “have you done [y]?” And all of the tools we had built over the years - her, being undiagnosed ASD, me, being undiagnosed ADHD - went right past each other, because they were made for interacting with neurotypical folks.

So we just... never worked. Never managed to bridge the gap.

The worst part? I knew all of this going in. I talked to her about what I was hoping for, what I needed. Was super explicit and clear about my feelings. But she’s been lied to by neurotypicals her entire life about their feelings, so she doesn’t listen, and instead observes. So she nodded, and made the noises people make, and waited for me to instead show her what I was like by how I acted, because years of neurotypical bullshit had taught her that nobody is clearly communicating about their emotions. So she waited for me to do something other than tell her. Which was, in fact, the only tool I had.

So it was just... almost four years of stalemate. During that time, I also felt diminished. Less myself than normal - because when I’m around people, one of the things I’m looking for is for them to work my levers. I can’t reach them.

I’m like a wind-up toy - someone or something else has to twist the key. I’m capable of so much if I’m in relationships or community with the right people, with people who understand me and my strengths and my needs. I can guide, but I can’t operate me. I can’t reach the lever.

Sid <@velocirker>:
Reading this thread reminded me of a meme my friend made because being ADHD and Autistic is ✨fun.✨

It really makes me wonder how y’all ADHD + Autism folks do it. I have all of the “I need prompting, and get dragged off-course by novelty,” and she had all of the “There is a correct way for the spices to be in the cabinet, no I can’t explain it.”

Nome returned to the subject

So I had a thread about habits — about how I’d felt lied to, all my life, as someone with ADHD, about what a habit was. How habits, for me, are things that I can reliably remember to do. I have a procedure, I’m familiar with every step. And how that’s not what neurotypical folks get.

By every definition, what they get are things they do without thinking, which become easier with practice. Which eventually become automatic, which they don’t have to actively remember to do.

Oxford English Dictionary: a settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary: a settled tendency or usual manner of behavior; an acquired mode of behavior that has become nearly or completely involuntary
Dictionary.com:
- an acquired behavior pattern regularly followed until it has become almost involuntary
- customary practice or use
- a dominant or regular disposition or tendency; prevailing character or quality
American Journal of Psychology (1903)
- “a habit, from the standpoint of psychology, [is] a more or less fixed way of thinking, willing, or feeling acquired through previous repetition of a mental experience.”
- “Habitual behavior often goes unnoticed in persons exhibiting it, because a person does not need to engage in self-analysis when undertaking routine tasks.”

I am including these definitions up at the top for a reason; you see, I eventually had to delete that thread.

I had to delete it, because I was getting swamped in quote-tweets mocking me for this, saying that I was everything that was wrong with ADHD discourse online, that I was lying or making things up about people, that nobody experienced what I was talking about and I “wasn’t special.”

And that’s fucking infuriating. Because it’s a response I get often.

All my life, living undiagnosed, I have been called weird [derogatory]. At seven, I memorized the etymology of the word Weird, being tied to Power & Destiny, to prove them wrong, Let me tell you, quoting an etymology at someone calling you weird was not the deterrent I’d hoped.

So, after thirty years of being made to feel weird, and different, and broken, I found out that I have a disorder — one that touches on nearly every part of my life. And suddenly, all of these things I had been called weird for? I had an explanation.

Except now, when I talk about it, I’m told “That’s not weird, that’s everybody. You’re not special. Stop trying to make everything about ADHD.” And — it’s not literally the same people saying it, But to have the world mock me for my strangeness, then insist it doesn’t exist?

Fuck you.

Throw yourself into the sea.

Because here’s the thing - that is what habits are. Habits are things that they do without thinking. They don’t have to decide or remember to do them. Things just happen, automatically, because they’ve done them enough for that system to engage and make them automatic.

That system … which I lack.

Every single time I have brushed my teeth, it’s been an active choice. I’ve had to devote thought and attention to it. It’s not a routine, it’s not a habit, it’s something that I know is good to do, and hopefully I can remember to do it. Every single time I exercise, or floss or pay my rent, or drink water, or say “bless you” when someone sneezes, It’s because I’ve had to actively and consciously engage the protocol. It never gets easier. Just more familiar.

It’s part of my struggle with my weight — exercise never becomes a habit, and every single time I do it, it is exactly as hard as the first time. It takes exactly as much willpower & thought. I got lied to about how it would just “turn into a habit.” And blamed, when it didn’t.

Add to that the way ADHD fucks with my interoception?

One of the things they never told me about during my diagnosis is how much one symptom of my ADHD in particular defines my daily life:
Interoception. Or rather, the lack thereof.
Brief thread, content warning for food, weight (discussion, loss / gain), bodily functions, waste.
Interoception is your ability to perceive your body’s signals. And I just … can’t. I don’t hear them, until they become emergencies. Everything else is so much louder. Every time I realize I need to pee, or poop — every time I feel hungry, or thirsty It’s an emergency. Now.
This means that I can, for instance, sit for eight hours in one place, unaware that I even have a body — then look up, and suddenly be consumed with the need to pee. Likewise, if I’m focusing on other things, I could go a day without eating, if they’re interesting enough.
So many ADHD folks — or anyone else who struggles with executive dysfunction — are just wandering around, all the time, low-grade dehydrated, because remembering you have a body with needs is hard. Especially when it won’t remind you.
We compensate — I have a half-gallon stein of lemon water on my desk at all times. I drink any time I remember it’s there. I eat regular meals, with my partner. But then we get the opposite problem —
The signal to stop is also quiet.
I start every meal with my body telling me that food is an emergency, and that I am going to starve to death. And I never receive the stand-down signal. So I never feel full. I simply eat until I decide, by force of will, that that was the correct amount for a person to eat.
I have struggled with my weight my entire life. A solid part of that is that I have indoor kid hobbies. Another, though, is that I am relying on my already overtaxed willpower (or, come to it, having eaten to the point of pain) to stop. In spite of knowing I’m still starving.
When I medicated for the first time, I was — for the first time in my life — simply aware of hunger.
Simply aware of thirst.
I needed to pee — and I was simply aware of that fact.
It wasn’t a crisis yet. It was just information.
It was only then I realized what I was missing.
Sadly, that was one of the weaker effects for me — its still present, but medication gets less effective over time. Still. I’m better, now. Because while it still takes willpower... it takes less. And I have more, from other places that have improved.
Jennifer Nicole <@chaoswolf1982> says:
Fuck. That is what is wrong with me?! My crapass mind has my body notifications on silent?

Sweet Mother Moon, I’ve been in the hospital twice this year for dehydration and the problem is my brain and not my kidneys?

Holy hell, I can’t believe that never occurred to me.
I mean I’m not a doctor but these folks are:

Interoceptive awareness in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

And hey, would you look at that, that’s also tied up in our ability to accurately perceive the passage of time. Because, it turns out, people who aren’t chronagnostic are subconsciously interpreting their heartbeat as a metronome.
I mean, to briefly overshare, I’m typing this from the toilet. Because my body is very sure I’m not done pooping. That signal might not come for another 20 minutes.
Just … I’m a little mad at how much time in my life has been spent standing at a urinal, judging from context clues if I’m actually done peeing, or if I’m going to wet my pants if I wrap up now
ADHD is a disorder of the brain, sure. But you are your brain. Your nervous system interprets and directs everything else. So there’s not a part of your body that can’t be effected by it. Because it’s an entirely different neurotype.
I think about this, and how ADHD is genetic. And how my dad would keep a Gatorade bottle to pee in on long drives, while driving. I always thought it was “not wanting to” stop. I now realize, he couldn’t. He wouldn’t get the signal in time to find an exit and a rest stop.
Content warning: disordered eating
I think about how we’d go to buffets, and “eat our money’s worth.” And sometimes he’d eat himself sick. And then go to the bathroom, and make himself throw up.
There’s a real tendency to minimize this, but ADHD, particularly in the society we’ve built, is a disability. Your body is fundamentally not functioning in at least several ways you are counting on it to do so.
So give yourself a break.
Consider mindfulness as it relates to listening to your body, its signals.
Yoga can help, I’ve heard.
And most importantly,
Maybe go drink some water.

I’ve found an archived copy of that thread, and copied that portion over - because some folks have told me it was useful. The reason that I know that this is linked to ADHD, is because I know (neurochemically) the process by which both ADHD and Habit-forming work.

Surprise, habit-forming requires dopamine.

Here’s a paper on the specific pathways, from a group at Dartmouth: Neurobiology of habit formation

Here’s a slightly more readable paper, from the Editor of the International Journal of Life Science Methods: Dopamine, it’s a force of habit

Here’s a lay discussion, aimed at neurotypical folks, about the best ways to build and maintain the dopamine production that causes habits to form: The Influence Of Dopamine

The ADHD brain — mine — makes enough Dopamine. It makes plenty! Just like everyone else’s! And it also has a hyperactive Dopamine Reuptake Pathway. It gathers and recycles the dopamine I make before I can use it, like a busboy who clears your table when you’ve only had one bite.

This is just … known. The part of everyone else’s brain which rewards them — not just big rewards, like “job well done!” but little ones that do things like “allow you to stand up without thinking about standing up” — doesn’t do that for me. Dopamine lets things be automatic.

Nothing, for me, gets to be automatic.

One paper suggests that ADHD is just the behavioral subtype of something larger, which they call “Reward Deficiency Syndrome,” which might be why we often self-medicate with drugs before we find our diagnosis, and call ourselves “Addictive Personalities”: Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome

So surprise surprise — people are loud and wrong on the internet. It shouldn’t get to me. It does.

I am raw there. Particularly because “You’re not special, this isn’t a thing, you're just not trying hard enough,” is a loud enough voice in my own head, thank you very much.

Except. When I medicate? I finally get to experience things that I thought were just phrases before. I finally was able to sense the passage of time, and understand what people meant by “losing time” or “losing track of time.”

Now that I know what to look for, tracking my ADHD’s chronagnosia is really interesting. I have an alarm, to tell me to go to bed, which repeats every ten minutes until I turn it off. And those alarms are subjectively anywhere from a minute to an hour apart.
I really have zero sense of the passage of time. I’m just picking up things in the margins — my cat is acting hungry, I’m colder than I was earlier, I need to pee, whatever. But the time itself? No correlation to reality.
It’s almost as though my brain reacts to information as though it’s travelling up and down a gravity well. Like interesting things have an event horizon, like a black hole.
But at the same time, some part of my brain is tracking it. I couldn’t tell you how long a period of time has been to save my life …
I can also walk into the kitchen, and realize there’s 20 seconds left on the kitchen timer, and it’s time for the dish to come out of the oven.
And that's why I walked in — an internal alarm went off.

When I medicate? I got space away from my intrusive thoughts, and finally found out what those were, instead of just thinking I was “afraid of the dark” and being ashamed that I just needed to “grow up.”

I’ve been chewing on how to talk about this for a couple days now, and I don’t have a great way in. The short version is this -
I’ve been shocked by how many things I just dealt with alone, thinking I just needed to grow up. And how, instead, they’ve been symptoms.
It was not until today that I realized that my persistent fear of the dark (that I still, at 43 years old, have to maintain a stranglehold on in order ot move about my house at night) is related to my neurodivergence and intrusive thoughts and not that I am “childish”.
This is an ADHD thread, by the way, but I’m sure a healthy amount of it is going to apply to other disorders. #NeurodiverseSquad really do have this weird set of common experiences.
The quoted comment comes from a thread, here, about intrusive thoughts — something I have all the time, like a low-budget horror movie going on in my head. I have, my entire life, thought I was “Afraid of the Dark.” A better word is “Hallucinating.”
So I walk to the bathroom, with headphones in. I don’t realize my significant other (normally asleep by now) is playing peekaboo with the cat.
So as I walk into the dark room, I make eye contact with her, at floor level, stalking.
On the upside I don’t have to use the bathroom anymore.
But that’s a common thing — I didn’t, until I was diagnosed, have any words that were my own to describe my experience. I thought I was afraid of the dark, because I was afraid in the dark, and other folks talk about having that and growing out of it, so I guess I’m just a coward.
Likewise, folks had always described “Losing Time.” I thought that everyone was dealing with what I dealt with, and they were just better than me. I thought I was just slow, or stupid, or a piece of shit. I literally can’t perceive time passing.
Most Neurodiverse folks had an “Oh Shit” moment. When you see them, you know them. For instance:
The way that ADHD folks lose time is not what most people mean by losing time. We feel like twenty seconds pass, it’s half an hour.
That’s not standard.
Likewise, folks call me naïve, for being unwilling to accept certain injustices. For not being able to smile and make nice with folks who’ve hurt people I love. Turns out my sense of justice is turned up to 11, and “normal” folks compromise their morals.
Much like the “unusual sense of justice” that is a symptom of ADHD. We know what it’s like to be hurt. Much more so, given rejection sensitivity dysphoria symptoms. And we don’t want other people to hurt too.
Must be something wrong with us, obvs.
Has it made my life harder?
Sure!
Doing the right thing usually does, that’s why you have to distinguish it as “the right thing.” If it was easy, you wouldn’t need a moral framework. I’ve had to leave jobs, I’ve had to lose friends. I’ve had to make moral choices.
The idea that I’m less able to violate my moral code is a good thing about me, my guy.
Justice Sensitivity is clinically quantifiable, by the by. It’s just a thing that folks with ADHD or ASD deal with. We can’t easily compromise on fairness.
I’m not “being childish.”

Justice and rejection sensitivity in children and adolescents with ADHD symptoms

Until I got diagnosed, I assumed that the reason I couldn’t open mail and felt anxiety any time I saw the growing stack meant that I was irresponsible. Nope. Disabled. Not given the tools to function.
If you have a stack of mail you know you need to open, but even looking at it gives you a sense of deep anxiety, but you can’t throw it away so it’s important, so it just sits in a pile and exists at you that’s not “lazy.”
And that, for me, is the reason that I talk about the weird permutations of ADHD. Because the disorder as listed in the DSM-V isn’t what I experience, but what a parent or teacher is annoyed by me doing. The real experience is so, so different.
It’s increasingly looking like “not being able to climax from receiving oral sex” is correlated to ADHD, from a bunch of anecdotal evidence and a super unscientific poll, but listen.
A bit NSFW, but I’ve heard a couple of people now and want to confirm this:
How many ADHD folks have found it difficult or impossible to have an orgasm while receiving oral sex?
So many people responded to this by saying, “Wait. I’m not … broken?”
The majority of people do orgasm during oral sex, by the by, from all of the (limited) studies I can find.
selwyn <@FleurDeElise> says
the other side if this is that it's impossible to talk to some neurotypical people about it, because they refuse to believe you. My mum believes her friends’ children have ADHD (diagnosed as children), but if I explain my symptoms to her? “Oh, that happens to everyone”
Fuck, that’s a mood. And importantly - our internal voices that tell us we’re awful We’re not born with them. They’re learned. From usually well-meaning people around us, trying to convince us that we just need to try harder.
Just.
“Just.”
Ham ’n green egger <@Chowderskin> says
Recently someone else I follow summed up the way people talk about ADHD in particular as “you have Shitty At Homework And Disruptive In Class Disease and the cure is It’s Your Fault You Just Have to Change Your Self And Personality”
Because this is what we’re told, by systems that were built by people who could never imagine who we are or how we exist having value. Systems that are now “just how things are.” Systems which lie to us, constantly, about what the rules are. And punish us for breaking rules we were never told.
Taken from another conversation:
Having ADHD is having constant, hard to explain anger at a system for changing the rules that I thought I understood.
It’s playing poker when suddenly MTG cards are being laid down in other people’s hands and I’m like wait
Wait
When
What
Even friends, who try to enforce social norms on us, assuming that we are somehow choosing to be as we are.
I just realized the issue I have with the accusation of being a know-it-all. They think my passion for / engagement with all these topics is performative. That’s the accusation. For me, it’s the abiding by social rules that’s performative.
I’m performatively quiet and calm.
I have a thought that’s forming, but it isn’t quite there. Y’all ADHD folks know the feeling. I can feel my subconscious building it, and at some point it’s going to come out fully-formed. But it’s about this. The ways that our coping mechanisms are hand-waved as childish.
In the meantime, though, I’ll keep doing processing threads like this, because every time I do folks will — shocked, surprised, thankful — tell me that it has value.
And … fuck, y’all.
Don’t know quite how to accept that kind of thing.
I’m working on it.
Been intermittently sobbing today. I’m here talking about ADHD as a lived experience, trying to help folks recognize it in themselves. People tell me I helped them see themselves for the first time, that’s great. But now, Parents have been recognizing my words in their kids.
I just long for a world where the way I am, the perfectly fine way that I’m built, is just understood as a way some people are.
Fuck, y’all.
What a world.

When I medicate? I got the executive function to process things like paperwork — and learned that I wasn't just “bad at adulting” because I couldn't bear to open mail.

<@AdhdAngsty> says:
Hi, if you’re looking into ADHD and keep stopping yourself with the “but I’m probably just lazy”, please know that everyone I’ve met who got diagnosed with ADHD as an adult felt the same way before diagnosis. You wouldn’t be angsting over it so much it it was just laziness.
If you have a stack of mail you know you need to open, but even looking at it gives you a sense of deep anxiety, but you can’t throw it away so it’s important, so it just sits in a pile and exists at you
that’s not “lazy.”

Hell, just the small things —

I would realize that I was hungry, or thirsty, or needed to use the bathroom, and those weren’t emergencies. Just signals my body was sending me. Status reports.

So I have to take a look at this anger I have, and take a look at the people who are insisting that what I’m experiencing is what everyone experiences. And I start to think of how many people get an ADHD diagnosis, tell their parent, and get told “everyone does that”.

There’s a joke tweet — “either folks with ADHD need to stop being so relatable or I need to see a doctor.” And I think about how Twitter is like a trap specifically designed for ADHD folks. Specifically tabletop roleplaying game or other Special Interest twitters.

“Man, everyone seems to have ADHD, and all of these posts are super relatable.” Yeah, you're on twitter at two in the morning, you wouldn't be here if your brain made its own neurotransmitters. “How weird, all the crabs in this bucket seem to like the same bait as I do!”

I wonder how many of the people lashing out at me are doing so because the alternative is admitting that maybe they’ve been abused by most systems and authority figures in their lives,

And they’ve gotten scar tissue, and mistaken that for strength,

And I’m threatening that.

My Stepdad is Autistic. He found out at 50. After a lifetime in the Marine Corps. A highly regimented system that made all social interactions explicit and rigidly codified. He’s oft refused to acknowledge the diagnosis, I think in part because that would mean he'd been a victim.

Content warning: Corporal Punishment That his family, his church, and the teachers in rural Texas public schools in the 60s and 70s who tried to beat the weird out of him were in fact abusing him. He’d have to admit to it being unnecessary, and wrong. He'd have to change his opinion of it.

But he’s built his identity on the back of being a strong man, made strong in part by that upbringing.

So.

I find myself, unfortunately, having sympathy for whatever proportion of these motherfuckers are using me as a punching bag for their own insecurities.

But sympathy or not, they can still throw themselves into the fucking sea.

The neurotypicals policing normalcy are bad enough, we don’t need to go Vichy France and join in.

(See the thread about PTSD from living with ADHD above)

So I’m going to keep posting my lived experience. Keep talking about things they didn’t think to tell me during my diagnosis.

Like — hey, I’m not hard to draw blood from, I’m just always low-key dehydrated because my body doesn't tell me it’s thirsty. Turns out we’re high risk for all sorts of Kidney and Urinary Tract issues because of that —

Nothing to do with our Kidneys. It is, instead, in the words of @Chaoswolf1982, “My crapass mind has my body notifications on Silent.”

The fact that you’ve managed to make even an aproximation of a life work, when so much of the world isn’t built for you, isn’t just the minimum,

It’s a goddamn wonder. It’s proof of the work you put in and the strength it requires.

It’s just hard to see that from inside it.

It’s also hard to hear this,

But you deserve credit.

From someone with Chronic Depression:
If all you can do is fake being okay,
That’s an achievement.
That’s work you’re doing. The fact that you’re able to fake it enough to function is a sign that you are in fact function.
Give yourself more credit.

So drink more water, you beautiful, capable, stronger-than-you-realize, dehydrated bitch.

As long as I’m thinking about it:

It’s just … distressing, I guess, to realize that there’s this internal process that says “If you can just explain this carefully enough, people will understand, because they’re listening to the words you say in good faith.” Which is wrong.

It’s the same part of my brain that is sure I could convince someone of my politics if I could just sit down with them and talk. All evidence to the contrary. Like, here’s another thread I got shit about:

Of all the things I’ve randomly realized might be a common ADHD experience, “Thinking everyone is joking, lying, or exaggerating about time travel plots being confusing” has got to be one of the weirder ones.

It doesn’t matter how carefully I word it. It doesn’t matter that I said might (not is) be a common (not universal) ADHD experience. Because I've talked to so many people, and it's not that “understanding time travel” is an ADHD power - that's not what I said.

What I said was that this might be a common experience linked with ADHD, because so many ADHD folks I’ve known have said not that they understand time travel,

But that they assumed that everyone was lying / joking / memeing about time travel plots or non-linear stories being hard.

And I equated that to my lived experience, not universalizing it, and saying that I think that there’s this link between this thing I have to do constantly and this unexpected application of that practiced ability.

Hey turns out I’ve got no internal sense of the passage of time, and no easy way to remember things in order based on time alone, so I've got a lot of practice figuring out a convoluted and seemingly acausal timeline, because I need to know where my keys are.

And it’s directly tied to a known and quantified part of my disorder - the fact that I have no sense of the passage of time, difficulty ordering memories, and no part of my brain that automatically and subconsciously sorts things by priority. None of that mattered.

So I’ve just apparently hit the level of Twitter Platform where the bad faith takes are going to come, and no matter what the defensive writing part of my brain does, I’m just going to have to get desensitized to that, without losing sensitivity to folks calling me on my shit.

Hashtag goals, I suppose.

Just in case that voice in you needs some help,

If these were things “everybody” did, why would people have mocked you for them? Why would the single you out as strange, or other? Why would they be things people say are character flaws, or challenges to overcome?
If you’re “just not trying hard enough”, Do you feel like you’re not trying? Or do you feel exhausted, or confused, and like you’re doing your best, and just can’t seem to get it like everyone else? Does “everyone” else seem to be struggling like that?

So you’re telling me that you’re going through a struggle that other people don’t seem to be troubled by? Something that makes your life hard? You don’t seem to be able to do these things others can?

How about that.

Sounds to me like almost the definition of a disability.

But you said it, not me.

The Double Empathy Problem

On being “right”

I think autistic people are often mistaken for being argumentative and needing to be right, when in reality, it’s more about needing the information to be correct … because we get overwhelming anxiety when we’re convinced that it isn’t.

Proof that it’s not about being right, at least not for me …

When I encounter evidence that challenges what I previously thought was true … and realize I was spreading incorrect information … I’m immediately overcome with a desperate and intense need to correct it.

Like, just the thought that people have the wrong information … and that it was me who gave it to them … makes me feel both mortified and panicky to get them the correct information ASAP.

If it were about me being right, I wouldn’t acknowledge that I was ever wrong. I would rather people believe the incorrect information and remember me as being right, than admit to them that I was ever wrong.

So when I argue with someone about facts, it’s not about rightness … it’s about correctness.

Miniver Cheevy

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14 August 2021

Neurodivergence